# Top 5 math skill for coders

## Combination¶

Combination refers to the mathematical technique used to determine the number of ways to choose a subset of objects from a larger set, where the order of selection does not matter.

Combination is a branch of mathematics called combinatorics, which deals with the study of counting and arranging objects in a systematic way.

Combination is a mathematical concept and not a programming language construct. However, programming languages such as Python, Java, and C++ have libraries that provide functions for calculating combinations.

Python: You can use the combinations function from the itertools module to calculate the number of combinations. For example, to calculate the number of combinations of 3 elements from a set of 6 elements, you can use the following code:

from itertools import combinations

my_set = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}
n = 3

num_combinations = len(list(combinations(my_set, n)))

print(num_combinations) # Output: 20


## Logarithm¶

Logarithm is a mathematical function used to determine the power to which a given number (the base) must be raised in order to produce a specific value. It is often used in complex calculations involving exponential growth or decay.

Logarithm is a branch of mathematics called algebra, which deals with the study of mathematical symbols and the rules for manipulating these symbols.

Many programming languages support logarithmic functions, including Python, Java, C++, JavaScript, MATLAB, and R. In Python, for example, the logarithmic function can be computed using the math library.

Python: You can use the math module to calculate logarithmic functions. For example, to calculate the logarithm of 10 to the base 2, you can use the following code:

import math

x = 10
base = 2

result = math.log(x, base)

print(result) # Output: 3.321928094887362


## Factorial¶

Factorial is a mathematical function used to calculate the product of all positive integers from 1 to a given number. It is commonly denoted by the exclamation mark (!) and is often used in probability theory and combinatorics.

Factorial is a branch of mathematics called number theory, which deals with the study of integers and their properties, including prime numbers, factorization, and divisibility.

Many programming languages provide support for computing factorials, including Python, Java, C++, and MATLAB. In Python, for example, the factorial function can be computed using the math library.

Python: You can use the math module to calculate the factorial of a number. For example, to calculate the factorial of 5, you can use the following code:

import math

n = 5

result = math.factorial(n)

print(result) # Output: 120


## Exponentials¶

Exponential functions are mathematical functions in which a constant base is raised to a variable power. They are widely used in calculus, probability theory, and many other fields.

Exponentials are a branch of mathematics called calculus, which deals with the study of rates of change and accumulation. They are also used in other areas of mathematics, such as differential equations and probability theory.

Many programming languages support exponential functions, including Python, Java, C++, JavaScript, MATLAB, and R. In Python, for example, the exponential function can be computed using the math library.

Python: You can use the math module to calculate exponential functions. For example, to calculate e raised to the power of 2, you can use the following code:

import math

x = 2

result = math.exp(x)

print(result) # Output: 7.38905609893065


## Modulus¶

Modulus refers to the absolute value of a number, regardless of its sign. It is often used in arithmetic operations involving negative numbers and is commonly denoted by the symbol |x|. In addition, modulus is also used in modular arithmetic to determine the remainder of a division operation.

Modulus is a branch of mathematics called arithmetic, which deals with the study of numbers and their properties, including arithmetic operations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. It is also used in other areas of mathematics, such as number theory and algebra.

Many programming languages provide support for computing modulus, including Python, Java, C++, JavaScript, and MATLAB. In Python, for example, the modulus operation can be performed using the % operator.

"Python: You can use the % operator to perform modulus operations. For example, to calculate the remainder of 10 divided by 3, you can use the following code:

a = 10
b = 3

result = a % b

print(result) # Output: 1